Ethics and Professional Practice for Ethical Dilemma-myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theEthics and Professional Practice for Ethical Dilemma. Answer: Moral Dilemma Surrounding Internet of Things The Internet of Things (IoT) is alluded to a system of physical vehicles, home apparatuses and gadgets and different articles which are installed with programming, sensors, network, actuators and hardware which permit these things to associate with one another and trade information (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic Palaniswami, 2013). With the notoriety of brilliant gadgets and expanded accessibility of fast web, an enormous number of innovation organizations began presenting distinctive IoT gadgets in the market. It is a genuinely new industry, and each fabricates hurrying to get the top spot in the business because of which market is overflowed with countless IoT gadgets which perform various activities, for example, home security, computerized tasks, and others (Lee, 2015). In any case, alongside the ubiquity of IoT gadgets, the dangers related with the innovation have expanded too. Because of substantial rivalry, innovation associations are organizing presentation of new items which bring a bout trading off the security of these gadgets. This exposition will concentrate on breaking down the moral situation encompassing IoT innovation by investigating the article posted by The Atlantic named The Internet of Things Needs a Code of Ethics (Waddell, 2017). Further, this paper will give suggestions to tending to the moral issues identifying with IoT innovation. In past not many years, advanced advances are turning out to be increasingly more common which advances the development of IoT innovation. Be that as it may, it likewise brings about expanding issues identifying with IoT innovation also. A genuine model is malware called Mirai which assaulted made sure about webcams and DVRs so as to upset web access in October 2016 (Kolias, Kambourakis, Stavrou Voas, 2017). It shows that cybercriminals can hack IoT gadgets, and they can exploit them. Francine Berman, a software engineering educator at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, furnished that alongside the ubiquity of IoT innovation, the moral issues identifying with a similar will increment also (Waddell, 2017). The key moral issue with IoT innovation is security and protection worry of clients. There is absence of legitimate and moral system in IoT industry which expands the worries of governments, associations and the overall population. For instance, it is hard to evaluate who can be cons idered capable on account of Mirai malware assault. According to Berman, there is a common duty between the administration, pioneers, organizations and people, and they should attempt to use and make a structure for appointing responsibility and obligation so as to advance IoT innovation for open great (Waddell, 2017). IoT gadgets depend on a web association with work appropriately, and diverse IoT gadgets interface with one another to impart and share the clients information. It implies that cybercriminals can target one IoT gadget and through which they can gather information from other IoT gadgets also (Graham Haarstad, 2014). It implies that absence of security in one IoT gadget can bring about bargaining the security of other IoT gadgets which are made by different partnerships. Berman expressed this is a beginning stage and individuals, associations and the legislature ought to gain from encounters of this stage to improve items later on. As indicated by Utilitarianism morals hypothesis, a set in stone of a circumstance is dictated by its results instead of activities (Caron, Bosua, Maynard Ahmad, 2016). In light of the standards of this hypothesis, individuals ought not judge IoT innovation dependent on its moral issues. This innovation can possibly totally change people groups lives later o n, to improve things. Hence, associations and the administration ought to advance the improvement of IoT innovation. In any case, protection and security of every individual are critical, along these lines, innovation organizations ought to organize the security of individuals which making IoT gadgets. Decisively, companies ought to guarantee that these gadgets are made sure about from hacking and digital assaults, and they should concentrate on improving the security in gadgets as opposed to concentrating on expanding the deals of the gadgets. Evaluate of Australian Computer Society Code of Ethics The Australian Computer Society (ACS) is alluded to a relationship of in excess of 26 thousand experts from data and correspondence innovation (ICT) field. As indicated by the constitution of ACS, its goal is to propel the greatness in IT field and advance the improvement of Australian ICT assets. It was established in 1966, and it principally works in Australia (Burmeister, 2013). The ACS has given a Code of Ethics which is a piece of its constitution. All the individuals from ACS are required to maintain and respect their calling by being a productive member of society and clinging to social qualities. The ACS code of morals gives six standards which are important to be followed by its individuals that incorporate the supremacy of the open intrigue, the upgrade of personal satisfaction, genuineness, fitness, proficient turn of events and polished methodology (ACS, 2018). The ACS code of morals centers around guaranteeing that ICT experts are carrying out their responsibilities mora l and expert so as to make sure about open intrigue (Clarke, 2016). Notwithstanding, numerous specialists contend that the ACS code of morals isn't sufficient to secure the enthusiasm of open and ACS requires refreshing its standards so as to execute its arrangements over ICT proficient carefully. This paper will concentrate on evaluates of ACS code of morals by examining various models. With the progression of innovation, the job of ICT experts has developed too. The ACS code of morals direct individuals during moral difficulties that they face during individual and expert life. Nonetheless, there are a few reactions of ACS code of morals which are given dependent on the activities of ICT proficient. Taviani (2007) expressed that these codes of morals have no teeth which implies that infringement of ACS code of morals didn't really bring about end of its individuals or any discipline whatsoever. Besides, the ACS code of morals isn't exceptional, and they just spotlight on four conventional regions of concerns which incorporate openness, security, property and exactness. At last, ACS code of morals is unreasonable, ambiguous, self-serving, fragmented, superfluous and conflicting. In addition, ACS code of morals didn't give arrangement to a circumstance in which at least two standards of morals struggle with one another (Thomas Ahyick, 2010). The ACS code of morals ca n give experts the mixed up idea which implies that they required after the standards aimlessly when they are being inspected, pondered, contended and investigated possibly in support of the activity. For instance, late discharge embarrassment in Volkswagen Company demonstrated the irrelevance of the code of morals and how effectively ICT experts can evade them to increase an unreasonable favorable position. Another issue with ACS code of morals is that they are excessively static, firm and point by point for ICT field which is a unique part and it requires a code that can without much of a stretch be adjusted to changing the earth. Then again, codes which are too broad and adaptable are scrutinized for their inability to give satisfactory bearing. It is additionally hard for ACS to implement the code of morals carefully and for the most part they are self-serving standards. As indicated by Bowern, Burmeister, Gotterbarn Weckert (2006), there are various inadequacies in the ACS code of morals, for example, prerequisite of explicit utilization of code, necessity of audit of job and exercises of ACS Disciplinary Committee, prerequisite of consistency between ACS code and morals and global gauges and others (Al-Saggaf Burmeister, 2012). Taking everything into account, there are various issues identifying with ACS code of morals including out-dated standards, absence of enforceability, and s tatic strategies. The IT part is a powerful field, and it requires a code that can change according to evolving condition. The ACS is required to refresh its code of morals so as to coordinate them with global IT norms. These morals depend on customary methodology, and they didn't give arrangements when at least two standards cover with one another. Along these lines, ACS is requiring breaking down and changing its code of morals to guarantee that they are reasonable for present day ICT experts and moral issues. Study of Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism The Utilitarianism is alluded to a moral hypothesis which decides right or wrong dependent on the result of a circumstance as opposed to dependent on activities. It gives that monster activities are the ones which center around boosting utility. In this hypothesis, Utility is characterized in different ways, in any case, by and large, it implies as far as the prosperity of people in general (Mill, 2016). The Utilitarianism hypothesis gives that most moral decisions are the once that create more prominent useful for the more noteworthy number. It is a philosophical hypothesis in regards to ethical quality or how an individual should act in explicit circumstances. The hypothesis has been affecting in recent hundreds of years by giving reasonable controls of legislative issues and financial matters. Be that as it may, the hypothesis has been scrutinized by various specialists which gives that it isn't appropriate for current circumstances (Kahane, Everett, Earp, Farias Savulescu, 2015). The study of hypothesis incorporates inconceivability, difficulty, deficiency and disregarding of the rule of equity. Numerous specialists contend that Utilitarianism hypothesis is only a way of thinking which can't be applied to genuine circumstances. They give that the hypothesis is unreasonable and can't make a difference to the moral predicament looked by the expert today. This paper will concentrate on censuring the standard of Utilitarianism hypothesis dependent on various models. A key evaluate of Utilitarianism morals hypothesis is that it overlooks equity. An exampl

General Style of Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

General Style of Writing - Essay Example General Style of Writing There will be various standards of essential altering that I am going to utilize. A portion of these incorporate the need to peruse every one of my activities; for in any event twice before introducing them. For my situation, I made three significant emblematic portrayals in my general reviewing introductions to make my general style of composing. These emblematic portrayals are in no specific request, the utilization of topics, restrictive utilization of models and the utilization of counter contentions. By the utilization of subjects, reference is being made to the way that all undertakings that are composed are given exact division to make the conversations efficient. Models and situations are additionally utilized as a rule so as to help in explaining focuses and thoughts that are brought up in the reason for the composition. The last segment of my style must be the utilization of counter contentions to help in brings out clearness on why the side of a contention I held is more legitimized than the opposite side I didn't bolster. With everything taken into account, my composing can't be decided as great and has its own shortcomings and qualities. Qualities in my Writing Through comme nts got from directors and as per various scholarly messages concentrated over the span of the semester’s study, there are three significant qualities I recognize in my composition. These are clearness of development, association of musings and intelligence in contention. In any case, I have frequently utilized language and linguistic structure that are straightforward and rational to take into consideration the simple comprehension of sentences and substance I set up. In my first task for example, in my initial two ventures, there were sure comments I got from my managers explicitly for the way that my musings were straight forward and straightforward. This point is to be sure upheld by Murray (1998) as a significant quality in all types of composing as he comments that â€Å"I compose my way toward importance with revelation drafts that typically make the subject come clear.† Secondly, I have consistently centered around the need to make my compositions efficient and organized. I do this by giving subjects and sub-making a beeline for significant focuses. When this is done, there is consistently the space to make the ID of significant focuses that have been brought up in the works simpler and open. At long last, I consolidate effortlessness with smarts to guarantee that the way that I attempt to keep the structure and substance of my papers straightforward doesn't detract from them the top to bottom of clarifications that the contentions merit. Shortcomings in my Writing Not withstanding the significant qualities talked about my style of composing, there are various shortcomings that can be seen. These shortcomings are obvious when perusing a portion of the major set down standards in setting up a superb paper, for example, the one introduced by Murray (1998). Considering this, it would be said that I have an extremely off-base way to deal with tolerating analysis that relate to composing. In spite of this, Murray (1998) rebukes that â€Å"the y must acknowledge the analysis of others and be dubious of it; they should acknowledge the commendation of others and be significantly progressively dubious of it.† The essayist makes this point alluding to journalists who try to exceed expectations in their composition. This implies normal slip-ups that are made in my composition and are called attention to by companions, associates and managers should consistently be taken in accordance with some basic honesty and enhanced. Tragically, m administrator appear to be the main individual whose input I consider for change. As proof in my initial three undertaking works, there are significant revisions that my learning accomplice called attention to me, which I disregarded. At the point when I at last took the finished work to

Perceptions of African American Women Essay Example for Free

View of African American Women Essay I am taking a few classes that will in the long run qualify me to study Astro Physics, or Chemical building, I likewise need to work with NASA and train as a space explorer. It was astonishing to realize that Dr. Mae C. Jemison who happens to be the most youthful of three kids destined to a white collar class African American family, Charlie Jemison, a support specialist and his significant other, Dorothy, an educator. Dr. Mae C. Jemison was the principal dark lady space traveler to be in space in a period loaded up with isolation and bigotry, she is a Chemical specialist, researcher, doctor, instructor and space explorer, she has a wide scope of involvement with innovation, building, and clinical research. Notwithstanding her broad foundation in science, she is knowledgeable in African and African-American Studies, talks familiar Russian, Japanese, and Swahili, just as English and is prepared in move and movement. Dr. Mae C. Jamison was a motivation to me, and likely to numerous African American ladies. She was loaded with flexibility and assurance particularly to have reached and made progress in an abnormal field of attempt for some African American ladies, I cheer her assurance to have any kind of effect among the African American ladies and blacks in Diaspora. In the wake of moving on from Morgan Park High School in 1973 at 16 years old, Dr. Mae Jemison earned a BS in Chemical Engineering from Stanford University, while additionally satisfying the prerequisites for a BA in African-American Studies. Subsequent to winning these degrees in 1977, she went to Cornell University and got a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1981. During clinical school she made a trip to Cuba, Kenya and Thailand, giving essential clinical consideration to individuals living there. This means that her compassionate endeavors and enthusiasm to connect with the less advantaged populace. Wanting to accomplish more with her life, she took a crack at graduate classes in designing and applied to NASA for admission to the space traveler program. She was turned down on her first application, perhaps on the grounds that she is a dark lady, however she continued on and in 1987 was acknowledged on her subsequent application. She got one of the fifteen up-and-comers acknowledged from more than 2,000 candidates. When Dr. Mae Jemison effectively finished her space traveler preparing program in August 1988, she turned into the fifth dark space explorer and the main dark female space traveler in NASA history. In finishing her first space flight, Dr. Mae Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space, making her the primary African-American lady in space. She says, â€Å"I needed to learn early not to restrain myself due to others’ restricted minds. I have taken in nowadays never to confine any other person because of my constrained creative mind. † This is a motivation to different blacks when all is said in done who regularly expect a peasant and accept that they will never progress admirably or will be acknowledged in whatever they do. This is a reminder, and sign of the truism â€Å"Determination is the mother of invention†. In 1993, Dr. Mae Jemison left NASA and established the Jemison Group, Inc. to look into, create and execute cutting edge innovations fit to the social, political, social and financial setting of the individual, particularly for the creating scene. Current undertakings include: Alpha, (TM) a satellite based media transmission framework to improve social insurance in West Africa; and The Earth We Share, (TM) a worldwide science camp for understudies ages 12 to 16, that uses an experiential educational program. Among her present undertakings are a few that emphasis on improving human services in Africa. She is likewise a teacher of natural examinations at Dartmouth College. Dr. Mae Jamison bacome famous and name for blacks when all is said in done; Her pioneering soul put her in the spotlight and goes about as a lift to decided dark people in Diaspora. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf. It was very astounding to find out about Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, I know practically nothing about this â€Å"giant and sovereign of present day Africa† who is directly the present leader of Liberia. As indicated by what I have perused so far about this â€Å"queen of Africa† she was conceived In Monrovia, the capital of Liberia on October 29, 1938. During this period, Liberians did not understand that the First female leader of an African nation had been naturally introduced to their fog. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf is a little girl to descendents of unique pioneers of Liberia (ex-African slaves from America, who speedily on appearance set about oppressing the indigenous individuals utilizing the social arrangement of their old American bosses as a reason for their new society). These descendents are referred to in Liberia as Americo-Liberians. From what I read, I saw that Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf was really a scholarly force house, a magnetic pioneer and bound to roll out an improvement in Liberia and contribute her amount in Africa. From 1948 to 1955 Ellen Johnson examined records and financial aspects at the College of West Africa in Monrovia. After marriage at 17 years old to James Sirleaf, she made a trip to America (in 1961) and proceeded with her examinations, accomplishing a degree from the University of Colorado. From 1969 to 1971 she read financial matters at Harvard, increasing a bosses degree in open organization. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf then came back to Liberia and started working in William Tolberts (True Whig Party) government. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf additionally filled in as Minister of Finance from 1972 to 73, yet left after a contradiction over open spending, this means that her judiciousness and determination. As the 70s advanced, life under Liberias one-party state turned out to be more enraptured to the advantage of the Americo-Liberian tip top. On 12 April 1980 Master Sergeant Samuel Kayon Doe, an individual from the indigenous Krahn ethnic gathering, held onto power in a military overthrow. With the Peoples Redemption Council currently in power, Samuel Doe started a cleanse of government. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf barely evaded picking banish in Kenya. From 1983 to 1985 she filled in as Director of Citibank in Nairobi. I will say that Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf had a ton of mental fortitude, since it was very unordinary for a lady to challenge an oppressive occupant president in Africa without being hijacked, tormented or murdered all the while, in spite of the fact that She was later condemned to ten years in jail. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf spent only a brief timeframe imprisoned, before being permitted to leave the nation by and by as an outcast. During the 1980s she filled in as Vice President of both the African Regional Office of Citibank, in Nairobi, and of (HSCB) Equator Bank, in Washington. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf assumed a functioning job in the transitional government as the nation arranged for the 2005 races, and in the end represented president against her opponent the ex-global footballer, George Manneh Weah. In spite of the races being called reasonable and methodical, Weah denied the outcome, which gave a lion's share to Johnson-Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf in the long run became Liberias initially chosen female president, just as the primary chosen female president in the mainland Africa. . In 2005 She set up a Truth and Reconciliation Commission with an order to advance national harmony, security, solidarity and compromise by researching over 20 years of common clash in the nation and in November 2007, she got the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom, the U. S. governments most noteworthy regular citizen grant. She is really a mammoth and â€Å"queen of current Africa†. References: 1. http://space. about. com/cs/formerastronauts/a/jemisonbio. htm 2. http://www. k-grayengineeringeducation. com/blog/file. php/2008/09/12/first-african-american-ladies in-space. 3. http://www. joinafrica. com/africa_of_the_week/ellenjohnsonliberia. htm.

Stereotypes In Childrens Storybooks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Generalizations In Childrens Storybooks - Essay Example It has been a training that children’s book have depicted individuals with incapacity in a negative way. A portion of these generalizations state that individuals with inability are woeful and pitiable. In this sense, this picture is broadly written in children’s book, which thus causes kids to build up a contrary brain about impaired individuals. Furthermore, generalizations of inability in children’s writing or book have depicted individuals with handicap as objects of animosity or savagery. For example, since crippled individuals can't protect themselves, they are delineated as acceptable casualties or ploys of wrongdoing (Stuart 2006, 51). Further, handicapped individuals, for example, the visually impaired are portrayed as insidious or vile. This generalization is the most wild extending from fantasies to accounts of how visually impaired individuals lost their sight in light of wrongdoing or corrupt practices. Thusly, it leaves an antagonistic impression th at incapacitated individuals are wicked and in this way, they ought not be related. Moreover, kids' book makes a feeling that individuals with handicap ought to be utilized as air by portraying them as lacking characters. It has been a typical marvel that youngsters storybooks portray cripple individuals as â€Å"super crip† in that for them to be acknowledged in both society and children’s storybooks, they are put in circumstances of being over-achievers (Baumeister and Bushman 2010, 41). In this way, people with handicap are believed to be presented with super powers, for example, paraplegic criminologist. Children’s storybooks have portrayed people with incapacity as ridiculous. In a similar way, there exist ethnic jokes in children’s books. Children’s books make successive or standard utilization of such jokes as trick to upgrade and encourage the plot of the book. For example, a visually impaired individual or an outwardly debilitated individu al turns into the appropriate item for some jokes (Judd and Park 1993, 109-111). This shows an unfeeling and absurd delineation of people with

8 Books to Read if You Want to Make American Education Great Again

8 Books to Read if You Want to Make American Education Great Again One of the many issues that keeps popping up in American news is who should be our next Secretary of Education. This debate brings about questions of whats next in the ever changing landscape of public education. Our education system seems to be in constant flux, but are the changes helping or hurting students? If you want to be prepared to guide our children (and adult learners) to a better future, why not start with educating yourself about how our education system got this wayand whether or not it works. There are a number of great books out there, but here are a few suggestions for where to start. 1. American Education: A History by Wayne J. Urban and Jennings L. Wagoner, Jr. This book seems like a good starting point, as it details the history of American Education from pre-colonial days on (including a look at Native American education before colonization). It deals with major education movements in each time period, tracing how we got to where we are today. 2. Savage Inequalities by Jonathan Kozol Savage Inequalities addresses the funding gap between schools in wealthy areas and those in poorer ones. To write this book on whether or not our education system really provides equal opportunity to every child, Kozul spent two years touring the country, interviewing   teachers, principals, superintendents, and students. 3. What Does it Mean to be Well Educated? by Alfie Kohn This book features a series of essays about our education systems fixation on scores and grades. As standardized tests continue to be the standard on which both students and teachers are judged, what are we losing? What is the real goal of educationand are we still focusing on this as we try new and different systems to evaluate and score students? 4. Waiting for Superman:  How We Can Save Americas Failing Public Schools by Karl Weber This book (and the documentary of the same name) draws on the knowledge of education reform experts to provide insight, suggestions, and resources to help the reader join the struggle to improve our schools. 5. The Life and Death of the American School System: How Testing and Choice are Undermining Education by Diane Ravitch Ravitch is the former assistant secretary of education and a voice for the drive to create a national curriculum. Drawing on her experience, she re-examines previously held positions and makes a case for why we need education reform. 6. Teaching Community: A Pedagogy of Hope by bell hooks This book is part of a three book pedagogy trilogy that takes on issues of education and the issues inherent in the system. In this book, bell hooks tackles areas such as race, gender, class and nationality both in and beyond the classroom. She reminds us that education needs to be democratic, leaving space for all perspectives and all people to thrive. 7. The Smartest Kids in the World: And How They Got That Way by Amanda Ripley This book serves as a nice point for comparison, looking at education systems in other countries that approach education differently than America does. Ripley follows three Americans who live in three of these smart countries for a yearNorth Korea, Finland, and Poland. 8. Other Peoples Children: Cultural Conflict in the Classroom by Lisa Delpit This book deals with the disparity between the number of children of color in the classroom and the number of teachers of color who instruct them. She discusses the teachers role as a cultural transmitter and examines the role of power dynamics and authority in the classroom. Save Save Save Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

8 Books to Read if You Want to Make American Education Great Again

8 Books to Read if You Want to Make American Education Great Again One of the many issues that keeps popping up in American news is who should be our next Secretary of Education. This debate brings about questions of whats next in the ever changing landscape of public education. Our education system seems to be in constant flux, but are the changes helping or hurting students? If you want to be prepared to guide our children (and adult learners) to a better future, why not start with educating yourself about how our education system got this wayand whether or not it works. There are a number of great books out there, but here are a few suggestions for where to start. 1. American Education: A History by Wayne J. Urban and Jennings L. Wagoner, Jr. This book seems like a good starting point, as it details the history of American Education from pre-colonial days on (including a look at Native American education before colonization). It deals with major education movements in each time period, tracing how we got to where we are today. 2. Savage Inequalities by Jonathan Kozol Savage Inequalities addresses the funding gap between schools in wealthy areas and those in poorer ones. To write this book on whether or not our education system really provides equal opportunity to every child, Kozul spent two years touring the country, interviewing   teachers, principals, superintendents, and students. 3. What Does it Mean to be Well Educated? by Alfie Kohn This book features a series of essays about our education systems fixation on scores and grades. As standardized tests continue to be the standard on which both students and teachers are judged, what are we losing? What is the real goal of educationand are we still focusing on this as we try new and different systems to evaluate and score students? 4. Waiting for Superman:  How We Can Save Americas Failing Public Schools by Karl Weber This book (and the documentary of the same name) draws on the knowledge of education reform experts to provide insight, suggestions, and resources to help the reader join the struggle to improve our schools. 5. The Life and Death of the American School System: How Testing and Choice are Undermining Education by Diane Ravitch Ravitch is the former assistant secretary of education and a voice for the drive to create a national curriculum. Drawing on her experience, she re-examines previously held positions and makes a case for why we need education reform. 6. Teaching Community: A Pedagogy of Hope by bell hooks This book is part of a three book pedagogy trilogy that takes on issues of education and the issues inherent in the system. In this book, bell hooks tackles areas such as race, gender, class and nationality both in and beyond the classroom. She reminds us that education needs to be democratic, leaving space for all perspectives and all people to thrive. 7. The Smartest Kids in the World: And How They Got That Way by Amanda Ripley This book serves as a nice point for comparison, looking at education systems in other countries that approach education differently than America does. Ripley follows three Americans who live in three of these smart countries for a yearNorth Korea, Finland, and Poland. 8. Other Peoples Children: Cultural Conflict in the Classroom by Lisa Delpit This book deals with the disparity between the number of children of color in the classroom and the number of teachers of color who instruct them. She discusses the teachers role as a cultural transmitter and examines the role of power dynamics and authority in the classroom. Save Save Save Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Ronald Reagan An American Hero - Free Essay Example

When it comes to presidency character is everything. In the early 1980s Ronald Wilson Reagan never thought he would grow up to be one of the most famous icons in history that was known as a true American hero. Many people would have to say that Reagan was one of the greatest presidents of all time, while others might differ to this claim. Regardless of peoples political views it was obvious that Reagan changed the world and will forever be remembered in history books. He was a strong president who cared dearly for his country and transformed the American spirit to make people feel more at ease with all the crises that the country was facing. Before his presidency he was a sports commentator and actor in Hollywood but shortly after that served two terms as governor of California. Reagan dealt with many challenges that helped shape his legacy and why many people looked up to him. Ronald Wilson Reagan he was born on February 6th 1911 in Tampico Illinois in a five room flat above H.C. Pitney General Store where his father worked. The nickname Dutch was given to Ronald as a kid by his father because he said he looked like a fat little Dutchman. He had an older brother named Neil and his parents were John Edward and Nelle Reagan who didnt come from a lot of money and struggled throughout his childhood. His father was of Irish decent and worked as a shoe salesman while his mother was of Scottish- English decent and stayed at home as a homemaker. Since Reagans father was alcoholic he could never keep a job, which meant they were constantly moving throughout Illinois searching for a new job. Once Ronald reached the age of nine they finally settled in Dixon Illinois but he didnt really fit in since he never really had friends from always being on the move. He was boy who liked to be by himself and play with his tin soldiers but really enjoyed reading books about natural history. As a boy, Reagans life was filled with scrapes and adventures. He once narrowly escaped death while playing under a train that suddenly began moving. Reagan graduated from Dixon High School in 1928, where he played on the football and basketball teams, became president of the student body, acted in school plays, and wrote for the yearbook. Reagan, an accomplished swimmer since early boyhood, worked six summers as a lifeguard in Lowell Park in Dixon on the treacherous Rock River. According to newspaper reports of the time and later research, he saved 77 people from drowning (Lou Cannon). After high school Reagan decided to enroll in Eureka College in Eureka, Illinois where he majored in economics but ended up graduating with only a C average. While attending Eureka he played football, cheered during basketball season, swam for the swim team and was apart of the drama club. Not only did he do all that but also joined the debate team, was a reporter for the school newspaper, worked on the college yearbook and was president of the student council. With all the activities he had going on in his life at such a young age he was very driven to participate in many things that made him happy. At home Jack Reagans fashion Booty Shop staggered under the depression and finally went out of business. Regan had to provide for himself, and in addition to washing dishes at the fraternity, he was the schools swimming coach and teacher and worked in the kitchen of the girls dormitory (Bill Boyarsky 1981 pg. 40). He also had an early taste of politics: while still a freshman he made a dramatic oration on behalf of Eureka students who were striking to restore classes that the school administration had eliminated because of financial strains caused by the Great Depression. After the strike, the college president resigned (Cannon). Once he graduated college he didnt have any job opportunities he was very confident and optimistic that something would turn up. He believed that there was more to college than just books and felt that knowledge was associated with facts and stated what good is it to teach someone all the facts if they dont know how to live and if they dont use them for the solutions of the problems that people are going to deal with as life goes on. Eventually he decided to enter radio broadcasting and got turned down by many big stations but MacArthur at WOC in Davenport offered him a salary of $100 a week to be a staff announcer and his job was to play records and sometimes make public service announcements such as the weather or reading a commercial but he was later fired for making too many errors. Regan was given a chance to read out a play action between the Chicago cubs or White Socks game and had to give a brief description of the play going on and loved what he brought to announcing. Afte r all of that Reagan moved to Des Moines, Iowa to start working at WHO studios where he began all his training, which eventually would lead him to Hollywood California. Working at this job also helped him perfect his speaking abilities and learned how to sell soap, cars and major- league baseball by the power of his voice. Ronald Reagan was one of the best play-by-play men in the Midwest, a nonstop talker who was so talkative that he wasnt even nervous when the wire occasionally break down and would just improvise until it was repaired. When it came to his acting career and how he became a Hollywood star all began when he went out to Los Angeles, California to follow the Chicago Cubs to their spring training camp while being out there he ended up reading for a casting director in Hollywood who offered him no hope in the acting industry. Later he met up with a friend who introduced him to an agent named Bill Meiklejohn who got him to meet with a casting director at Warner Brothers Studios. Warner Bros. gave him a screen test and was so impressed to offer him a contract starting at $200 a week since he resembled Robert Taylor an actor who died in a car accident and needed a replacement. The first film he appeared in was Love Is on the Air which ended up not being one of the best films ranging in the B average. In many of his roles Reagan was a victim of the poorly written movies grounded out by Hollywoods film factories in the thirties, forties and fifties by useless writers, directors and producers. By 1938 he met a talented woman named Jane Wyman during the filming of Brother Rat about 2 years he was later married to Wyman on January 26 and had a daughter named Maureen by 1941 and just a few years later adopted a son name Michael in 1945. In 1948 Regan and Wymans marriage ended up in a divorce because she did not share the same interest and her acting career was taking off. The next four years were going to be the toughest years of his life especially with his movie career failing which made him start getting into politics. Once he began seeing actress Nancy Davis he knew she was the one and wanted to share the rest of his life with. Reagans political view started to change once he married Nancy being that she came from a conservative family. Her father was a wealthy conservative surgeon who retired after his long career in Chicago. Shortly after their wedding in 1952 Nancy announced she was pregnant with a daughter who they named Patricia Ann Reagan. With all this going on Ronald needed to figure out how he was going to produce money being that his acting career was falling apart. In 1954 the General Electric Corporation was looking for a host for a new television series who could sell the products to build the companys corporate image and visit G.E. plants to improve employee self-confidence by delivering inspirational speeches. In 1958 Nancy was in labor with a son who they named Ronald Prescott and Reagan was in relief that his wife survived. Reagan During those eight years of working for General El ectric Company would be a very crucial part of his political development. To him it felt like a political campaign to him since he was meeting and shaking hands with these people but was very concerned with how these people felt. Many people were dissatisfied with the union, company and government. Eventually, however, his speeches became too controversial for the companys taste, and he was fired as both spokesman and television host in 1962 (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica). He was more than ready to do something else with his life and felt that working for G.E. helped him sharpen his political philosophy. In the year of 1962 Reagan changed his registration from democrat to republican and started to campaign actively for Richard Nixon delivering more than 200 speeches and a couple years later he was appointed state co-chairman of citizens for Goldwater- Miller. Shortly after in 1966 Ronald had the confidence to run for governor in California but had to go up against two- term, Democratic governor Edmud G. Brown of San Francisco who had plenty of experience. Brown wanted to go up against Reagan and leaked photos of the other republican opponent George Christopher that ended up backfiring on Brown. Christopher was angry he backed Reagan to unify the republicans. The Reagans heard the news of Ronnies victory over the radio on their way home from the Jorgensens to the Biltmore. In the end Reagan carried all three counties. The final tally: Reagan, 3,742,914; 2,749,174 (Bob Colacello 2004). Four years later he won a second term and became a successful governor that many liberal democrats di dnt expect but he showed compromise to the Republican Party. He made promises during his campaign that he would squeeze, cut, and trim the growth of state government. Unfortunately he wasnt able to get much done during his first term but made sure to get things done during his second. Reagan knew his political problems would get better if he could get the tax increase approved by coming to terms with Unruh. His political skills improved and his administration was able to change the direction of the welfare policy through laws and regulations. During his two terms as governor (1967â€Å"1975), Reagan erased a substantial budget deficit inherited from the Brown administration (through the largest tax increase in the history of any state to that time) and instituted reforms in the states welfare programs (The Editors Encyclopedia Britannica). With all the risk he took to make the country a better one he would soon find himself interested in a presidency. After leaving the governors office at the end of 1974, Reagan decided to write columns that appeared in 175 newspapers, recorded commentaries that aired on more than 200 radio stations and gave speeches. Fast-forward to the election of 1980, which was a big one for Reagan since he defeated Carter and John Anderson who both ran as independents. Ronald Reagan was elected the 40th president of the United States and inaugurated on January 21, 1981 and stated Government is not the solution to our problem, government is the problem. There were many things he got done during his presidency such as advanced domestic policies that featured a reducing of federal government responsibility in solving social problems, reduced restrictions on businesses and implemented tax cuts also known as Reaganomics. Not only did he do all that but also during the cold war he challenged soviet Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall since it represented the repressive communist era. On November 9, 1989 East and West Germans broke down the wall, which meant an end to the Cold War. There was so much to admire about Reagan he had a funny personality and said what he felt no matter what others thought. A few years later after his presidency, Ronald Reagan developed Alzheimers disease and decided to breakaway from the public eye. Unfortunately Ronald Reagan passed away at the age of 93 at his home on June 5, 2004 in Bel-Air, California. In conclusion Ronald Reagan was a man who was looked at as an American hero who was able to do so much in a short amount of time. He spoke his mind whenever he felt it was necessary. People were surprised that this man was able to accomplish a lot since they thought he was going to fail. Ronald Reagan once said, Freedom is never more than one generation away from extinction. We didnt pass it to our children in the bloodstream. It must be fought for, protected, and handed on for them to do the same, or one day we will spend our sunset years telling our children and our childrens children what it was once like in the United States where men were free. This quote he stated is such an important part of history today especially with everything going on in the world. If people dont change their ways and care about whats more important for the future generation to come this country will fall apart. Reagan cared deeply for this country and fought for what he thought was right to help better this country and was by far one of the most influential presidents of all time.

Bears Vs. The Bears - 1293 Words

Bears versus Butches†¦The Bears Climb to the Top while Butches Attempt but Instead Plop. The Bears and the Butches have both experienced discrimination throughout their lives because of who they are, both being minorities in the gay and lesbian community. The Bears feel that they are the marginalized group of a marginalized group in the gay community (Ingram), while the Butches aren’t accepted into lesbian meetings because they of how they make themselves appear (Feinberg 135-136). The Bears have an easier time negotiating the straight world than the Butches. The Bears aren’t looked down upon at all in comparison to the Butches. The Bears can go around town, across the country, the world even and not get stared after. The Butches face violence because of their appearance, while the Bears do not. Gay men, especially the Bears have more acceptance in the world than the Butches in Stone Butch Blues. The Bears in Bear Nation have a lot of acceptance already. Their nati onal conference is being held, and men from all over the country and those even from other countries have arrived to the conference to celebrate that they are Bears. Their arrival at the hotel doesn’t stir much attention. People who were not Bears did not know what the meeting was for. Another resident of the hotel assume that the hotel is having some sort of convention for truckers (Ingram). When seeing a man whose gender expression is masculine, and is burly, strong, and looks like he could be in a motorcycleShow MoreRelatedPanda Bears Vs. Environment1279 Words   |  6 PagesRamsha Hashmi ENGL 21003 Section F2 Research Paper October 15, 2015 Panda Bears vs Environment The population of giant pandas is decreasing so rapidly that it has reached the point that they are considered an endangered species. These black and white bears reside mainly in China where seventeen percent of the total population of pandas reside. 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Although it is closely related to the Brown Bear, it has evolved to occupy a narrower ecological forte, with many body characteristics adapted for cold temperatures, for moving across snow, ice, and open water, and for hunting the seals which make up most of its diet. Though there are many theories surrounding evolution, the two stand outstanding hypothesesRead MoreHow America Should Perceive The Second Amendment Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagespeople debating how America should perceive the second amendment. Many view the second amendment as outdated, irrelevant, or possibly dangerous in today’s society. Others believe the founding fathers’ beliefs and reasons for including the right to bear arms are often misinterpreted resulting in a fight to p rotect its place in the Bill of Rights. The pushers for more gun laws and the NRA are in unending debate on whether or not the second amendment continues to be relevant today. 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Analyse the changes that occurred within US foreign policy after the 9/11 attacks. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2253 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? On September 20th, 2001, President George W. Bush (2001, n. pag.) gave a speech addressing the events of nine days before: On September the 11th, enemies of freedom committed an act of war against our country. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analyse the changes that occurred within US foreign policy after the 9/11 attacks." essay for you Create order Americans have known wars, but for the past 136 years they have been wars on foreign soil, except for one Sunday in 1941. The speech drew upon the notion that America had been attacked and also laid the blame firmly at the door of terrorism whilst interpreting it as an act of war. Although the emotive rhetoric was designed to stir support for a response, it also heralded a new era in US foreign policy. Defined as a foreign policy crisis by Bolton (2008, p. 6), it was inevitable that it would elicit a response by American policymakers but the extent to which it has changed US foreign policy has been hotly debated. As such, this essay will discuss the changes in post-9/11 US foreign policy, identifying areas that marked a departure from the policy in place prior to 9/11. It will analyse each to determine the extent to which it was a direct response to the terrorist attack and evaluate how the change impacted upon long-term foreign policy strategy. This will be done with a view to concl uding that many of the changes to US foreign policy in the post-9/11 era have been a response to the evolving security threat posed by terrorism and did force policy to evolve in order to accommodate strategies that address modern problems. However, those changes may have made an immediate impact but did little to alter the long-term course of US foreign policy. Foreign policy arguably changed direction within days of 9/11 with the most immediate and most obvious change being the shift in focus towards terrorism. Bentley and Holland (2013) highlight that the focus had been foreign economic policy under Clinton but 9/11 produced a dramatic movement away from diplomacy and towards military solutions via the War on Terror. There was also movement away from policy that prioritised relations with the great powers of Russia and China. Earlier unilateralism had negatively impacted upon relations with both nations, thus causing deterioration that extended beyond the Cold War era hostilit ies and prevented effective relations between East and West (Cameron, 2006; Nadkarni, 2010). However, the American desire to create a world-wide anti-terrorism alliance (Nadkarni, 2010, p. 60) brought about a relative thaw between the nations and facilitated discourse in order to cater for shared security concerns. This change provides evidence of an immediate shift in US interests and this manifested in foreign policy. As such, this is an extremely important change that occurred post-9/11, especially as it emerged out of the first response to the attack and served to dictate US actions abroad for more than a decade afterwards. The shift of focus from the great powers and towards terrorism provided policy space to address security threats via the three pillars of the Bush administrations national security policy, which had become a fundamental element of foreign policy as, for the first time since World War II, the attack on American soil brought both ostensibly dichotomous stran ds of policy together. The pillars were missile defence (a continuation of policy prior to 9/11), pre-emption and homeland security, both of which were embraced after 9/11 in response to it (Lebovic, 2007). Although elements of this were rooted in domestic policy, the pre-emption aspect of policy was also manifest in foreign policy because non-state terrorist groups and rogue states became inextricably linked to US foreign policy as targets to be dealt with under the new priorities outlined in the wake of the terror attacks, although this was somewhat more gradual than the initial shift to focus on terrorism. Indeed, the Bush Doctrine marked a fundamental shift towards utilisation of policy that incorporates both pre-emptive action and preventative action, which marked the decline of the reliance on containment and deterrence that dictated policy from the Cold War era onwards (Jentleson, 2013; Levy, 2013). The pre-emptive strikes were indicative of a strategy that sought to defend b y attacking those who posed an immediate security threat to the US and allowed policy to justify the unilateral military pursuit of specifically American interests. This suggests that 9/11 was used as an effective excuse to create foreign policy that better mirrored the ideology of the government than what was in place in the months prior to the attack. There is extensive criticism of the policy that reinforces the assumption that the government manipulate foreign policy to suit its own ends. For example, Ryan (2008, p. 49) argues that Iraq, which was labelled a rogue state, was already a focal point of foreign policy but the events of 9/11 allowed policymakers to push their specific agenda: Influential strategists within the Bush administration seized on the horror to gain assent from liberal Americans to move the country towards a war in Iraq that neoconservative strategists desired, but that many within the US shunned. Holland (2012) concurs, arguing that coercive rhetoric was used extensively in order to sell the War on Terror via culturally embedded discourse. In addition, Miles (2013, p. 110) advocates that Bushs placement of rogue states at the centre of Americas response to 9/11 was welcomed as an opportunity to overthrow a number of old threats and terror loving tyrannies who stood in the way of democracy and freedom. This perspective certainly offers a credible insight as to how 9/11 was manipulated in order to push foreign policy in a certain direction, and indeed one that was a continuation of what had gone before. However, the need to manipulate public opinion is indicative of the fact that foreign policy had deviated from that in place directly prior to the terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre. US foreign policy has also responded to the increased demand for humanitarian assistance to aid failed states and nation building to ensure their reconstruction following 9/11. Shannon (2009) points out that the reconstruction of Afghanistan fo llowing the US invasion there has essentially helped to prevent the failure of the state, improve the quality of life for its people, introduce freedoms and democratic processes that were absent before and aided the avoidance of the state being controlled by terrorists. This was certainly a change from previous foreign policy: Before 9/11, nation building was often caricatured as a form of idealistic altruism divorced from hard-headed foreign policy realism In the post-9/11 era, nation-building has a hard-headed strategic rationale: to prevent weak or failing states from falling prey to terrorist groups (Litwak, 2007, p. 313). This summary of the extent to which attitudes changed highlights the fact that a greater role in states that required humanitarian assistance was incorporated into foreign policy out of necessity rather than ideological choice. There was a distinct need to limit terrorist activity as far as possible and this actively manifested in this element of foreign polic y. As Litwak (2007) points out, humanitarian action was not a staple element of American foreign policy by any means and so this, more than any other element of foreign policy, does signal that a change occurred within the strategic objectives inherent in the War on Terror. However, there are criticisms of this particular change because the US is charged with failing to follow through with humanitarian aid to the extent that it should have done. For example, Johnstone and Laville (2010) suggest that the reconstruction of Afghanistan was effectively abandoned with a failure to create institutions that would withstand future threats to freedom and democracy. This suggests that this particular area of strategy was not well thought out and did not achieve its ultimate aims. However, the fact that it was included in US foreign policy post-9/11 suggests that there was a concerted effort to implement a multifaceted policy to tackle terrorism as a new and dangerous global strategic threat. However, despite the fact that the analysis here points to a change of direction for US foreign policy in the wake of 9/11 that was specifically designed to tackle the causes of and security threat posed by terrorism, some critical areas of policy did not change. For example, the long term objectives of the US were still manifest within new policy but they appeared in a different form that essentially provided a response to a different threat. Leffler (2011, n. pag.) argues that 9/11: did not change the world or transform the long-term trajectory of US grand strategy. The United States quest for primacy, its desire to lead the world, its preference for an open door and free markets, its concern with military supremacy, its readiness to act unilaterally when deemed necessary, its eclectic merger of interests and values, its sense of indispensability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" all these remained, and remain, unchanged. This summary of the ultimate goals of US foreign policy draws att ention to the fact that very little has changed. Although the British government supported the invasion of Iraq in the wake of 9/11, the fact that the United Nations Security Council refused to pass a resolution condoning the use of force did not prevent the launch of Operation Iraqi Freedom (Hybel, 2014). This is evidence of the readiness to act unilaterally if it serves their interests. Gaddis concurs, noting that US self-interest remained the same with very little consideration of long term strategy that intervention elsewhere would require. Bolton (2008, p. 6), on the other hand, agrees that many of the changes to US foreign policy were made immediately but he disagrees with the assertions of Leffler and Gaddis concerning their long term impact. Bolton (2008, pp. 6-7) asserts that the changes have caused a longer-term impact, albeit one that has diminished over time as a result of the enduring nature of the national security policy and its evolution to accommodate the threat of terrorism in the wake of 9/11. Although this provides a dissenting voice in one respect, it demonstrates consensus on the fact that the changes in US foreign policy post-9/11 were a direct response to a new global threat but they were implemented alongside existing strategic goals. In effect, the approach may have changed but the ultimate objective had not. In conclusion, the analysis here has identified and discussed several changes that occurred within US foreign policy post-9/11. There can be little doubt that there was a distinct shift in focus to the need to deal with terrorism after the first attack on American soil for seventy years. Similarly, the policy content evolved to adopt a more humanitarian approach to global crises and a proactive and pre-emptive approach to potential threats. All of these changes did mark a departure from what had gone before in some way. However, although the majority of changes were incorporated into foreign policy within two years and were al l undoubtedly a response to the attack and its causes, there is significant evidence to suggest that such actions provided an extension of foreign policy doctrine that had gone before. For example, although the focus of foreign policy shifted from the old Cold War objectives of containment and deterrence to terrorism, the interest policymakers took in some rogue states like Iraq was simply a continuation of established ideologies of ensuring freedom and democracy. Similarly, the US administration of foreign policy changed very little in terms of its determination to act unilaterally where necessary and lead the world in a battle against the latest threat to global security. As such, it is possible to conclude that many of the changes to US foreign policy in the post-9/11 era have been a response to the evolving security threat posed by terrorism. Furthermore, it was necessary for policy to evolve in order to accommodate strategies that address modern problems that were not as much o f a priority in the late 20th century. However, whilst those changes made an immediate impact on foreign policy, it did not alter the long-term course of US foreign policy because that remained firmly focused on the outcomes of action elsewhere in the world in relation to American interests. Bibliography Bentley, M. Holland, J., (2013). Obamas Foreign Policy: Ending the War on Terror. Abingdon: Routledge. Bolton, M., (2008). US National Security and Foreign Policymaking After 9/11. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield. Bush, G., (2001). President Bush Addresses the Nation. The Washington Post. [Online] Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/nation/specials/attacked/transcripts/bushaddress_092001.html [Accessed 3 October 2015]. Cameron, F., (2006). US Foreign Policy After the Cold War. Abingdon: Routledge. Gaddis, J., (2004). Surprise, Security and the American Experience. New Haven: Harvard University Press. Holland, J., (2012). Selling the War on Terror: Foreign Policy Discourses After 9/11. Abingdon: Routledge. Hybel, A., (2014). US Foreign Policy Decision-Making from Kennedy to Obama. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Jentleson, B., (2013). American Foreign Policy. 5th Edition. New York: W. W. Norton. Johnstone, A. Laville, H., (2010). The US Public and American Foreign Policy. Abingdon: Routledge. Lebovic, J., (2007). Deterring International Terrorism and Rogue States. Abingdon: Routledge. Leffler, M., (2011). September 11 in Retrospect: George W. Bushs Grand Strategy Reconsidered. Foreign Affairs. [Online] Available at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2011-08-19/september-11-retrospect [Accessed 3 October 2015]. Levy, J., (2013). Preventative War and the Bush Doctrine. In S. Renshon P. Suedfeld eds. Understanding the Bush Doctrine: Psychology and Strategy in an Age of Terrorism. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 175-200. Litwak, R., (2007). Regime Change: US Strategy Through the Prism of 9/11. Baltimore: JHU Press. Miles, A., (2013). US Foreign Policy and the Rogue State Doctrine. Abingdon: Routledge. Nadkarni, V., (2010). Strategic Partnerships in Asia: Balancing Without Alliances. Abingdon: Routledge. Ryan, D., (2008). 9/11 and US Foreign Policy. In M. Halliwell C. Morley eds. American Thought and Cult ure in the Twenty First Century. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Shannon, R., (2009). Playing with Principles in an Era of Securitized Aid: Negotiating Humanitarian Space in Post-9/11 Afghanistan. Progress in Development Studies. 9:1, pp. 15-36.

Hydrogen Fuel Cells Innovation for the 21st Century

In 1839, the first fuel cell was conceived by Sir William Robert Grove, a Welsh judge, inventor, and physicist. He mixed hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of an electrolyte and produced electricity and water. The invention, which later became known as a fuel cell, didnt produce enough electricity to be useful. Early Stages of the Fuel Cell   In 1889, the term â€Å"fuel cell† was first coined by Ludwig Mond and Charles Langer, who attempted to build a working fuel cell using air and industrial coal gas. Another source states that it was William White Jaques who first coined the term fuel cell. Jaques was also the first researcher to use phosphoric acid in the electrolyte bath. In the 1920s, fuel cell research in Germany paved the way for the development of the carbonate cycle and solid oxide fuel cells of today. In 1932, engineer Francis T Bacon began his vital research into fuels cells. Early cell designers used porous platinum electrodes and sulfuric acid as the electrolyte bath. Using platinum was expensive and using sulfuric acid was corrosive. Bacon improved on the expensive platinum catalysts with a hydrogen and oxygen cell using a less corrosive alkaline electrolyte and inexpensive nickel electrodes. It took Bacon until 1959 to perfect his design when he demonstrated a five-kilowatt fuel cell that could power a welding machine. Francis T. Bacon, a direct descendant of the other well known Francis Bacon, named his famous fuel cell design the Bacon Cell. Fuel Cells in Vehicles In October of 1959, Harry Karl Ihrig, an engineer for the Allis - Chalmers Manufacturing Company, demonstrated a 20-horsepower tractor that was the first vehicle ever powered by a fuel cell. During the early 1960s, General Electric produced the fuel-cell-based electrical power system for NASAs Gemini and Apollo space capsules. General Electric used the principles found in the Bacon Cell as the basis of its design. Today, the Space Shuttles electricity is provided by fuel cells, and the same fuel cells provide drinking water for the crew. NASA decided that using nuclear reactors was too high a risk, and using batteries or solar power was too bulky to use in space vehicles. NASA has funded more than 200 research contracts exploring fuel-cell technology, bringing the technology to a level now viable for the private sector. The first bus powered by a fuel cell was completed in 1993, and several fuel-cell cars are now being built in Europe and in the United States. Daimler-Benz and Toyota launched prototype fuel-cell powered cars in 1997. Fuel Cells the Superior Energy Source Maybe the answer to Whats so great about fuel cells? should be the question Whats so great about pollution,  changing the climate  or running out of oil, natural gas, and coal? As we head into the next millennium, it is time to put renewable energy and planet-friendly technology at the top of our priorities. Fuel cells have been around for over 150 years and offer a source of energy that is inexhaustible, environmentally safe and always available. So why arent they being used everywhere already? Until recently, it has been because of the cost. The cells were too expensive to make. That has now changed. In the United States, several pieces of legislation have promoted the current explosion in hydrogen fuel cell development: namely, the congressional Hydrogen Future Act of 1996 and several state laws promoting zero emission levels for cars. Worldwide, different types of fuel cells have been developed with extensive public funding. The United States alone has sunk more than one billion dollars into fuel-cell research in the last thirty years. In 1998, Iceland announced plans to create a hydrogen economy in cooperation with German carmaker Daimler-Benz and Canadian fuel cell developer Ballard Power Systems. The 10-year plan would convert all transportation vehicles, including Icelands fishing fleet, over to fuel-cell-powered vehicles. In March 1999, Iceland, Shell Oil, Daimler Chrysler, and Norsk Hydroformed a company to further develop Icelands hydrogen economy. In February 1999, Europes first public commercial hydrogen fuel station for cars and trucks opened for business in Hamburg, Germany. In April 1999, Daimler Chrysler unveiled the liquid hydrogen vehicle NECAR 4. With a top speed of 90 mph and a 280-mile tank capacity, the car wowed the press. The company plans to have fuel-cell vehicles in limited production by the year 2004. By that time, Daimler Chrysler will have spent $1.4 billion more on fuel-cell technology development. In August 1999, Singapore physicists announced a new hydrogen storage method of alkali doped carbon nanotubes that would increase hydrogen storage and safety. A Taiwanese company, San Yang, is developing the first  fuel cell  powered motorcycle. Where Do We Go From Here? There are still issues with hydrogen-fueled engines and power plants. Transport, storage and safety problems need to be addressed. Greenpeace has promoted the development of a fuel cell operated with regeneratively produced hydrogen. European car makers have so far ignored a Greenpeace project for a super-efficient car consuming only 3 liters of gasoline per 100 km. Special Thanks goes to H-Power, The Hydrogen Fuel Cell Letter, and Fuel Cell 2000

The Problems with Statutory Rape Essay examples - 1006 Words

Many issues have come up with the laws surrounding statutory rape. Although the laws are in place to help people, many people see them as unfair and they believe that there are changes that could be made to help improve these laws. A major problem with statutory rape laws is that each state has a different law. To help improve statutory rape laws, all states should work together to have a set of country-wide laws, so that the states all have the same laws. With a few minor improvements, the statutory rape laws would be problem free. The statutory rape laws in the United States are in place to protect adolescents from rape. The dictionary definition of statutory rape is â€Å"sexual intercourse with a minor.† The difference between rape†¦show more content†¦The laws that pertain to statutory rape are put in place to protect minors. However, the laws have caused ethical issues in many states. An issue that comes up frequently is if two people are dating and one is eighteen and one is sixteen. In the 20th century, these relationships were not as common as they are now. Today, these relationships are found in many high schools across the country. It is not uncommon for a ninth grader and an eleventh or twelfth grader to be in a relationship in this day and age. The problem with these relationships are that there is normally at least a two year age gap, if not more. If the people in these relationships engage in sexual activities, which would not be uncommon, it becomes a case of statutory rape. For example, if a couple had been dating for many years, and one partner was three years older than the other. As soon as the older person turned eighteen, if this couple had any sexual contact it would become a crime.(Kempner) In society today, it would not be uncommon for a couple who had been together for many years to be sexually active with each other. One would think that if it was a couple that had been together for a long time and they were engaging in sexual activities that both people in the relationship had both consented too that it would be okay, however, the law states it is not. These laws make it hard forShow MoreRelatedYoung Girls in Puberty Are Not Women Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesunderage person (minor) is, consider statutory rape. Even if the sex may not be forced or compelled, it is legally looked at as a nonconsensual under the statutory rape law code. Different states address sex with minors differently, based on the current statutory rape law, some states are working diligently to enhance the way the carryout statutory rape laws to offenders’ while some are lacking extremely on the issue, which are leading to some mutinous social problems. There is a major concern aboutRead More Statutory Rape Essay example1092 Words   |  5 Pages Statutory Rape Laws The term â€Å"statutory rape† is used when the government considers people under a certain age to be unable to give consent to sex and therefore consider sexual contact with them to be a rape. The age at which individuals are considered to give consent is called the age of consent. The age of consent can ranging from thirteen to twenty-one, depending on the limits set by each state in accordance with local standards of morality. Even sex that violates the age-of-consent laws butRead MoreVictim Advocacy1496 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Date rape is a serious offense and should be not taken lightly. The National Crime Victimization Survey and the Uniform Crime Reporting provides statistics on this offense. There are also strengths and weaknesses in both tools, but they are both valuable tools. 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It is important to know whatRead MoreDefinition Of Criminal Behavior And Law1462 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Laws by Predating Criminal Responsibility: Punishing Planning and Organizing Terrorist Attacks as a Means to Optimize Effectiveness of Fighting against Terrorism†. Offender duty is preceded with the purposed of identifying the unknown; the problem has to be center on behavior, which can be comprehended as a disorder external the criminal’s short-term scope to succeed as criminal wrong. Offender duty is preceded to its initial phase of planning and preparing the commission of crimes. PreventiveRead MoreLegal Age Of Sexual Consent1569 Words   |  7 Pageswho share a border. The ages of consent also vary among countries and also by individual state in the United States. Engaging in sexually activities with individuals that are not the legal age of consent can result in criminal charges such as statutory rape, but many places have exceptions. 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In order to prove rape is a disgusting and unnecessary crime, the following essay will consist of the history, laws, the costs involved, health effects, and the opposing side’s beliefsRead MoreThe Civil Rights Of Oklahoma Former Cop Daniel Holtzclaw928 Words   |  4 Pages Also in Oklahoma former cop Daniel Holtzclaw was charged with raping and sexually victimizing 8 women in a low-income neighborhood (Chicago Tr ibune Newspaper). He was also convicted of forcible oral sodomy, sexual battery and second degree rape. Now he is known as the serial rapist/cop. He was sentenced to 236 years in prison, including a 30-year sentence on each of four of the first degree charges he faced. It took a jury 45 hours over a period of 4 days to deliberate this case. He also

Review of Literature for Poverty Measurements - 1668 Words

Literature Review From the time of independence, India has been suffering from acute poverty, most of it is chronic in nature. If we look at the percentage of people below the poverty line, we do notice a sharp fall, but the absolute number remains increasing at a high rate. The situation keeps aggravating despite of several poverty alleviation programs that are implemented every year. The main reason for such failure, apart from the implementation issues, would be the measurement and numbers on which these programs are based. Appropriate measurement is central to analyzing and understanding poverty and its alleviation. Joshi P.D. (1997) identifies the methods and indices used for measuring the magnitude and extent of poverty are not†¦show more content†¦(Ghosh J, 2010) The qualitative measures of poverty and wellbeing are also widely criticized by researchers who follow positive research paradigm on the ground that the relation between participatory exercises and the project or plans to alleviate poverty is often remote. Also there are factors like heterogeneity, ambiguity in responses, truthfulness etc. Hayati D. Et al., ( 2004) however recognizes that there is yet another group of researchers who think that both qualitative and quantitative approaches can be used simultaneously to answer a research question. For example, Poverty Measurement Index (PMI) is one such index. The PMI explicitly accommodates the multidimensionality of poverty. In the PMI construction process, poverty is viewed as a multidimensional and complex socio-economic state that relates to many aspects of household living. Bailey J. makes out that in adopting such an approach, it is necessary to extend the net so as to cover wider dimensions of well-being using non-conventional indicators of psychosocial and mental health, and environmental, relational and subjective components. In addition to this there should be an appropriate use of econometric and mathematical tools in order to quantify the variables. Tiwari M, (2008) argues that some researchers emphasizes on the qualitative and holistic approach to measure poverty.A more holistic understanding of poverty and wellbeing will have importantShow MoreRelatedNigeria Literature1569 Words   |  7 PagesThe researcher sourced materials from literatures published from 2000-2015, with the exception of press articles (which were excluded owing to time constraints on the project) were included in the review. 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People living in poverty are disadvantaged and cannot sustain their basic needs and therefore, they tend to commit violent crimes in orderRead MoreConventional Wisdom Dictates That Improving Agricultural Productivity951 Words   |  4 Pagesproductivity, either through irrigation projects or the introduction of genetically modified crops, is the key step in ending rural poverty in sub-Saharan poverty. Our research overturns this assumption. By using a global poverty map and standard soil productivity measures , we find that the regions in sub-Saharan Africa with better soil quality actually experience higher rates of poverty. Our dataset consisted of 5334 subnational units from 46 sub-Saharan African countries. 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Osgood and Anderson’s review investigated unstructured socializing and rates of delinquency concerning key themes of the Social Disorganization Theory. In regard to the Social Disorganization Theory, Welsh, Greene, and Jenkins study revealed community poverty and individual characteristicsRead MoreThe Role Of Economic Development As Measured Through Levels1485 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious studies, I have concluded that when regarding â€Å"gender empowerment† it is specific to the empowerment of women It is hypothesi zed that increased economic development will display higher levels of gender empowerment. The following three literature reviews will demonstrate and support the hypothesis. The first article, Gender Inequality, Income, and Growth: Are Good Times Good for Women? by David Dollar and Roberta Gotti, is a cumulated work that was published by The World Bank under the Development

Speilberg Build Tension In The Film Jaws Essay Example For Students

Speilberg Build Tension In The Film Jaws Essay How Does Speilberg Build Tension In The Film Jaws? Consider Particularly The First Hour Of The Film Before The Three Men Embark Upon Their Quest To Kill The Shark And Also Upon The Part Played By The Audiences Response To The Character Of Brodie.  I am writing this essay to show the manner of which Speilberg creates tension in the film Jaws. I will be looking at the ways he does this and the way he uses Brodie, the main character to influence the audience and the effect he has on the tension of the film. The director, Speilberg attempts to leave his audiences apprehensive and uses suspense to grip the audience, he uses this format of tension to keep the audience watching because they want to find out what is going to happen next. This is best used with Brodie after the viewers have grown to like him and assigned him the heroes role.  The film is set in a quite, uneventful town. Nothing seems to ever happen. This is shown by the locals hassling the police department over trampled flowers and other seemingly insignificant problems. This builds tension because of the fact that it will badly affect the area and you do not know what could happen. The island is a very touristy area in summer. This is the main income for locals, which causes a conflict between the islanders over the safety of the area. The tourists also cause a lot of commotion and provide plenty of targets for the upcoming problem.  Amity Island is a small island, calm sea surrounding it with stretches of beautiful golden beaches, it is the complete opposite from Brodies hometown of New York. The action hero of the film is portrayed as the police chief, officer Brodie. He is a newcomer from New York and therefore is used to blazing guns rather than quite sunny stretches of beaches. From the start of the film he seems misplaced on the island due to his fear of the Sea and water in general. This creates tension because you are always thinking about how he will overcome a sea dwelling terror if he will not set foot in the sea. This leaves you pondering over the question can Brodie overcome his fear or will he be beaten? As if the title didnt give it away and you have not twigged on, here comes the bad guy. A 25ft king of the sea, the Great White Shark. Larger than most boats in the Amity harbour it seems that this monstrosity is unbeatable! In rolls another two heroes. One fitting the role perfectly, a big built hard man with a beard, sideburns, jeans, a jacket and a knife in his back pocket. This is Quince. The second of the two is an unusual character to be fighting to save a town of innocent people is in the weedy form of the scientist Hooper. The first time the shark is brought to our attention is when two teenagers who have been drinking heavily are doing naughty stuff on the beach when they decide to take a dip in the water. They both proceed towards the sea with the male quite obviously worse for wear! The girl takes her clothes off and dives into the sea, the boy attempts to follow but only makes it to the water edge where he proceeds to vomit and pass out! The audience is alerted that something is about to go wrong with a young couple on the beach. The male is lying almost unconscious dangerously close to the incoming shoreline. The female is in the sea, drunk and a fair distance from the beach with the only person to look after her being the half-dead male on the floor. .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 , .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .postImageUrl , .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 , .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:hover , .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:visited , .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:active { border:0!important; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:active , .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7 .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u122d733129dddf4e34e0be769812bbd7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Comedy of Stephen Crow EssayThe music changes to the sound of the Jaws theme tune which speeds up until the victim is eventually attacked from underneath by the shark. She is then thrown around for a while until she gets dragged under. The music stops and the picture fades to black, the next view is of the same stretch of the beach but the morning after. There is silence except for the lapping waves and the eerie noise of the sea bells. Every good movie has the bad guys! Speilberg follows suit and portrays his human villain in the form of Amitys mayor. He is a selfish, pompous and ignorant overweight man who disagrees with every point Brodie brings to him.  The mayor helps to build the tension as he has the power to save the day but chooses to take risks to pursue business ventures. He is informed quickly by Brodie of the sharks presence but decides to overlook it as a one-off and to Brodies disgust keeps the beach open. This also creates on-screen tension between the two characters which therefore creates tension within the audience. Brodie and the mayors personal feud continues throughout the film and keeps high tension throughout. After Brodie has finally convinced the mayor to shut the beach. This loses lots of business and the townspeople are less than happy. To keep them on his side he makes it a 24-hour ban. This starts to create probably the most tension in the entire film. The ban leaves Brodie needing to catch the massive shark and only having 24 hours in which to do it. If he fails or runs out of time this could cause many peoples deaths. During the meeting where the ban is confirmed a grieving mother whose son was ripped up on his lilo by the shark offers a reward to the public. Anyone who can prove they killed the shark would receive 3,000.  This causes absolute hysteria amongst the public. People from far and wide come to try and slay the beast from the deep! This is also a very tense part of the story. The harbour is dangerously overcrowded, which plays a serious part in the tension. With all the people going out to sea in packed rowing bouts with rods and harpoons, as the audience has already seen the size of the shark we are aware that they are seriously risking their lives. A group of men catch a large shark, there is even more hysteria in the harbour as the press flock around. It seems that the problem is over, the beach is safe! Everyone lives happily ever after! Not quite! The point of arrival for Hooper and he steps up to examine the shark. It turns out that the commotion was not needed as the killer was still out there, the shark caught was in fact a large Tiger shark not at all big enough to be the one that had savaged the young woman.

Lovely Traditions, And Stupid Rituals Essay Example For Students

Lovely Traditions, And Stupid Rituals Essay Lovely Traditions or Stupid Rituals?When I first read the story The Lottery by Shirley Jackson, I was appaled by the was the townspeople treated the persnon who drew the black dot. They didnt have the common sense to know that killing a person that the community depended on somehow was not a good thing. To me, thats pure lunacy. Why would you want to kill a close friend or family member? Maybe its just me, but that dosent make too much sense. Nowdays, we have a bunch of lovely Traditions and a whole slugful of Stupid Rituals. Lets first take a look at a bachelor party. This is what I would call a Stupid Ritual. There is basicly no point to it, a bunch of guys that are trying to give their buddy one last chance at being free befor the marrige. Buying a bunch of liqour and getting exoctic dancers in there to liven things up just sounds like trouble to me. Why is this ritual still taking place? There must be a positive thing that 15 guys can do besides try to get their buddy to have sex with an exotic dancer. If you love someone enough to devote your whole life to them, why would you wanna mess it up the night before? Isnt marrige a sacred thing in the U.S. anymore? Next, how about the Lovely Tradition of still making land mines? These things kill 25,000 people a year (largely children) they are maimed and killed by these mines while the world press doesnt even mention their fate in the daily news. People should insist that the companies who make and lay land mines clean them up. First step: lets make a list of the factories and the people who produce them, and tell on the news when theyre being laid. Planting mines is just as criminal as going into a high school and shooting kids.They arent even a somewhat civilized war tool, not chalenge is involved to kill your opponet and anyone else that may be walking in the general vacinity of the mine.